6/13/2023 0 Comments Photoflow instagram![]() ![]() ![]() 3 As could be shown, small diameter flow reactors allow not only for simple scale up of such polymerizations, but also allow to synthesize materials with increased precision and hence advanced properties due to the more stable reaction conditions and improved isothermicity of the reactions. In research, highly precise polymer materials are often only obtained on the milligram scale, a hurdle that must be overcome in order to give access to material testing and ultimately to application.įlow techniques take hereby a prominent role and in recent years much focus was spend not only on bulk polymer and polymer particle synthesis, 2 but also to precision polymerization techniques. While such tailor-made materials open the window to a realm of materials with unprecedented biological, physical, thermal and mechanical properties, this raises as well the need for efficient pathways to synthesize these compounds in significant amounts. ![]() The possibilities in macromolecular design are virtually endless – especially in combination with modular click chemistry 1 approaches – and almost any macromolecular architecture can nowadays be targeted in one way or another. Photoflow chemistry Controlled polymerization techniques, starting from anionic polymerization to the plethora of controlled radical polymerization techniques (referred to as reversible deactivation radical polymerization, RDRP) are without doubt the gold standard of contemporary polymer synthesis towards advanced materials. Further, the yet unexplored potential of these techniques is identified and discussed towards future development. The different photoRDRP methods are herein compared and the underlying principles of the advantage of carrying polymerization out under photoflow conditions are elucidated. Specifically the reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have gained significant interest in this respect within the past one to two years. By switching from batch to flow processing, polymerizations can be carried out with unmatched efficiency under mild reaction conditions, while concommitantly providing conditions for simple scale up of reactions. The coil reactor temperature is controlled by connecting the Cold Coil to either a cold tap (for reactions close to room temperature only), or preferably to either a Huber Piccolo or Ministat recirculator.Precision polymer design in continuous photoflow reactors is a young, yet rapidly growing research field. The Borealis LED lamp unit is then inserted into the coil reactor and connected to the power supply. The coil reactor is inserted inside the Cold Coil reactor module and clamped in place using the external adjuster (to maximise thermal contact). Both the original version and the more recent updated Mk II versions are compatible with Borealis. Temperature control of the coil reactor is achieved using the Cold Coil™ Coil Reactor Module. The LED lamp is powered and the intensity controlled by connection to a custom power supply unit that automatically detects the wavelength of the Borealis LED module and adjusts the output characteristics accordingly. The coil is fitted with embedded temperature sensors. ![]() The coil reactor has a volume of 15ml using FEP tubing with standard ¼-28 HPLC fittings located in an inverted coil mandrel. A safety interlock is fitted to prevent accidental exposure to high intensity light. The liquid cooled LEDs (connect to a water supply, MiniStat or Piccolo Peltier heat exchanger) fitted with quick connects and the wavelength is automatically detected when connected to the Borealis power supply. The Borealis™ LED Lamp Modules are available in standard wavelengths of 370, 410, 440, 460, 520nm with a maximum power output of 180W. Both the LED lamp and the reactor module require liquid cooling from either a piped water supply or a closed loop recirculator. The complete Borealis™ system comprises of the Borealis LED lamp unit, an FEP coil reactor, the Cold Coil™ standalone reactor module and a programmable power supply. ![]()
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